Objective To investigate the density, population characteristics, and density fluctuation trend of Aedes albopictus in the vector surveillance sites of 21 provinces (autonomous districts and centrally administered municipalities) in China, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of Ae. albopictus and associated mosquito-borne diseases. Methods We collected and summarized the surveillance data in residential areas, park green spaces, hospitals, rural houses, and livestock sheds, which were obtained through the China vector surveillance system using mosquito lamps. The surveillance data of Ae. albopictus were regionalized according to the China animal geographical regionalization system, and subjected to analysis of variance. Results In 2016, the national mean density of Ae. albopictus was 0.05/(light·h), and the density peaked from July to August. After August, the density decreased rapidly and fell to the lowest level in January. The capture rates of Ae. albopictus in North China, Central China, and South China were relatively high, exceeding the national average (1.80%), with the highest annual mean density in Central China, where the proportion of Ae. albopictus was slightly higher than that in other regions[0.10/(light·h), accounting for 4.06%]. Aedes albopictus was not found in the Northeast China and Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The density of Ae. albopictus was significantly different between five habitats ( F=5.750, P<0.01), and was highest in the park green space[0.07/(light·h)]. The surveillance data of each surveillance site was analyzed according to the China animal geographical regionalization system, and the density of Ae. albopictus was significantly different between different zones. Conclusion The total density of Ae. albopictus in 21 provinces (autonomous districts and centrally administered municipalities) of China was relatively high in 2016, and the density variation was not significantly different from that in 2006-2013.

Objective To understand distribution patterns and influencing factors for the interval between onset and diagnosis of typhus in China, and to provide a scientific basis for accurate prevention and control of typhus. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the distribution patterns of the interval between onset of disease and diagnosis. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted for statistical difference analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 29 211 typhus cases were reported in China from 2005 to 2017. Those cases were from 29 provinces (autonomous regions and centrally administered municipalities). The median interval between onset of disease and diagnosis was 7 days. The interval was between 0 and 20 days for 92.20% of the cases. The median interval between onset of disease and diagnosis was 6 days for males and 7 days for females. Students and scattered children had longer time intervals between onset of disease and diagnosis than others. Hebei, Guangdong, and Shandong provinces had shorter time intervals, while Sichuan and Liaoning provinces had longer time intervals. Conclusion There is a long interval between onset and diagnosis of typhus in China. To accurately diagnose, treat, prevent, and control typhus, action should be taken to specifically address this issue.

Objective To investigate the composition and distribution of rodents, their trend of seasonal variation, and the density of rodents in different habitats in China, and to provide an scientific basis for the development of rodent control programs. Methods The rodent surveillance data of the National Vectors Surveillance in China in 2016 were collected and analyzed to investigate the composition of rodent species. The density of rodents was compared across species, habitats, and provinces. Seasonal variation of density was analyzed. Results Among the rodents captured in China in 2016, Rattus norvegicus had the highest density of 0.30 rodents/100 traps, followed by Mus musculus with a density of 0.09 rodents/100 traps. There was a fluctuation in the total density of rodents. Among the three habitats, rural areas had a significantly higher density of rodents than the other two habitats, and residential areas had the lowest density. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region had the highest density of rodents (1.68 rodents/100 traps), followed by Guangdong province. The total density of rodents in China showed an approximately unimodal distribution, with higher densities from March to October. The dominant species R. norvegicus had a relatively low density in March and a significantly higher density than the other species in other months, and R. rattoides had a relatively low density throughout the year. Seasonal variation of rodents varied across species. Conclusion The national rodent surveillance in China in 2016 indicated there were slight fluctuations in the total rodent density throughout the year and seasonal variation of the rodent density varied across species and provinces. The above findings imply that different prevention and control measures should be taken based on surveillance and the local rodent borne diseases risks.

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate control effect of flies in temporary shelters of post-earthquake disaster areas and to provide the science evidence for its control. Methods Manage environmental sanitation and spray periodically insecticide to control flies in temporary shelters. Investigate fly population by cage-trap method, monitor flies density by eye balling method in washrooms, trash piles(cans), inside and outside of tents, and survey the management of flies breeding sites and prevention and control measure of civilians by field observation. Results Houseflies was the dominant species （96.85%） in the temporary shelters. The average fly density was less than one fly/m2 around temporary shelters after the earthquake for 4-8 weeks. At the fifth week post-earthquake, all the shelters were equipped with washroom. About 76.92% trash containers were equipped, and 69.23% of domestic garbage were cleaned up and transported away without delay. 94.01% of food-leavings was covered, and 93.00% of tableware was deposited in the cupboard. Conclusion It was effective to take the integrated pest management measures to control flies in the temporary shelters. The control of breeding sites should be strengthened in the future.